| Title |
Complex regional pain syndrome
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Pain (03043959), March 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000569 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Stephen Bruehl, Christian Maihöfner, Michael Stanton-Hicks, Roberto S.G.M. Perez, Jean-Jacques Vatine, Florian Brunner, Frank Birklein, Tanja Schlereth, Sean Mackey, Angela Mailis-Gagnon, Anatoly Livshitz, R. Norman Harden |
| Abstract |
Limited research suggests there may be Warm CRPS and Cold CRPS subtypes, with inflammatory mechanisms contributing most strongly to the former. This study for the first time used an unbiased statistical pattern recognition technique to evaluate whether distinct Warm versus Cold CRPS subtypes can be discerned in the clinical population. An international, multisite study was conducted using standardized procedures to evaluate signs and symptoms in 152 clinical CRPS patients at baseline, with 3 month follow-up evaluations in 112 of these patients. Two-step cluster analysis using automated cluster selection identified a 2-cluster solution as optimal. Results revealed a Warm CRPS patient cluster characterized by a warm, red, edematous, and sweaty extremity, and a Cold CRPS patient cluster characterized by a cold, blue, and less edematous extremity. Median pain duration was significantly (p<.001) shorter in the Warm CRPS (4.7 months) than the Cold CRPS subtype (20 months), with pain intensity comparable. A derived Total Inflammatory Score was significantly (p<.001) elevated in the Warm CRPS group (compared to Cold CRPS) at baseline but diminished significantly (p<.001) over the follow-up period, whereas this score did not diminish in the Cold CRPS group (Time X Subtype interaction: p<001). Results support the existence of a Warm CRPS subtype common in acute (<6 months) CRPS patients, and a relatively distinct Cold CRPS subtype most common in chronic CRPS. The pattern of clinical features suggests that inflammatory mechanisms contribute most prominently to the Warm CRPS subtype, but that these mechanisms diminish substantially during the first year post-injury. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 21 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 29% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 19% |
| Canada | 2 | 10% |
| Singapore | 1 | 5% |
| New Zealand | 1 | 5% |
| Australia | 1 | 5% |
| France | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 5 | 24% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 16 | 76% |
| Scientists | 4 | 19% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 82 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 80 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 12% |
| Other | 6 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 7% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 17 | 21% |
| Unknown | 28 | 34% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 30% |
| Neuroscience | 8 | 10% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 5% |
| Psychology | 4 | 5% |
| Engineering | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 8 | 10% |
| Unknown | 30 | 37% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 17. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 January 2023.
All research outputs
#2,140,288
of 25,461,852 outputs
Outputs from Pain (03043959)
#1,109
of 6,477 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#34,341
of 314,930 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Pain (03043959)
#31
of 114 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,461,852 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 91st percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,477 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 16.1. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 314,930 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 89% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 114 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 72% of its contemporaries.